بحث عن مرض السكري باللغه الانكليزيه
بحث عن مرض السكري باللغه الانكليزيه
زينب السبت سبتمبر 27, 2014 3:28 am
Diabetes Mellitus
Simple definition of the disease:
Diabetes is a disease common in the world, and living with an estimated 120 million people and is expected to climb to 220 million people infected by the year 2020 AD.
And diabetes is a metabolic disease (metabolic) is characterized by a chronic increase in the level of blood sugar Hyperglycemia as a result of relative or complete lack of insulin in the blood or to an imbalance in the impact of insulin on the tissue, resulting in chronic complications in different members of the body.
The definition of insulin:
Insulin is a hormone secreted by beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and consists of chains of amino acids linked bonds chemical after it separated from a series of C to become effective and passing through the liver, where it destroyed 50% of the insulin sorted. And insulin is necessary for the body to be able to benefit and use of sugar and energy in food.
** Types of diabetes:
1 - Diabetes Type I; (Juvenile Diabetes) and characterized by destruction of beta cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin (loss of insulin completely in the blood) by auto-antibodies in the blood of the patient, and requires the person since the beginning of the insulin to live and is at risk of Bhmad blood
2 - Type II diabetes | characterized by the presence of insulin resistance by tissues do not respond to him.
Factors contributing to the emergence of this type:
• 85% of obesity cases.
• family history of diabetes in first degree relatives of 74-100% of cases.
• More females than males.
• the age of puberty.
3 - diabetes during pregnancy
4 - Failed to carry glucose (sugar).
** * Diagnosis of diabetes:
Are diagnosed with diabetes (generally) the existence of one of the following indicators in different days:
• The presence of symptoms of diabetes (such as excessive thirst and urination and drinking water) with the level of sugar in the blood at any time (Random Blood Sugar)
• the level of fasting blood sugar (at least 8 hours without food
• The level of sugar in the blood after two hours to check glucose tolerance test 200
* Fact-diabetes:
Persons who should be screened periodically to finding (diagnosis) diabetes and if they do not complain of the symptoms are:
1 - persons over the age of 45 years and if re-analysis of naturally every 3 years.
2 - Persons younger quail (obese patients).
3 - people who have first-degree relatives have diabetes.
4 - Women who gave birth to babies weighing more than 4 kg.
5 - Persons with high blood pressure and high blood lipids.
* Analysis needs to be done periodically every 6 months or more or less depending on the situation:
• glycated hemoglobin
• Fat Triglycerides, and Cholesterol in the blood.
• Fat Triglycerides, and Cholesterol in the blood.
• kidney function, creatinine level
• cultivation of Paul.
• Urine analysis to look for micro-albumin
• Drawing (Planning) ECG of the heart, especially for the elderly or the presence of symptoms of the disease of the heart.
• thyroid function
• Check the bottom of the eye Fundoscopy.
• Check the feet and checking their blood circulation and peripheral neuropathy.
* Treatment of diabetes:
• You must educate the patient at diagnosis and give an idea of the disease and nature, by the doctor, that chronic and needs treatment and care for life and there is currently no Cfou complete it.
• nutrition education for the patient and to convert the patient to a dietician.
• The use of brochures and publications available to educate the patient and his relatives.
• Insulin Insulin, Type I patients need insulin since the beginning, and type II often need insulin after a period of diabetes.
• grain of anti-diabetes (sugar Reducers) Oral Hypoglycemics:
Grain used for the treatment of diabetes type II, and can be used with insulin to achieve a better control of blood sugar level, and is way different types of work.
* Symptoms of hypoglycemia:
• sweating (sweating.
• Parkinson's
• speed up the heart rate.
• a sense of tension and anxiety.
• feeling hungry.
• dizziness (vertigo, time).
• headache.
• lack of clarity of vision (deceiving the eye.
• Lack of comprehension and confusion.
• convulsions (seizure).
• loss of consciousness and fall.
* Complications of diabetes:
• retinal Diabetes Diabetic Retinopathy.
• Diabetic Nephropathy Diabetic Nephropathy.
• peripheral neuropathy Peripheral Neuropathy.
• Congenital autonomic nervous system Autonomic Neuropathy.
• Hardening of the arteries and heart disease Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.
• peripheral circulatory disorder Peripheral vascular disease.
• cerebral circulatory disorder Cerebrovascular Disease.
• high blood pressure Hypertension.
• high fat and cholesterol in the blood Dyslipidemias.
• impotence in men Impotence.
• psychological impact and social impact of diabetes on a patient Psychosocial Dysfunction.
* The objective of a "medical food treatment" therapeutic feeding for sick sugar:
- Maintain the level of glucose in the blood.
- Improving the levels of lipids in the blood.
- The lowering of blood pressure.
- Prevent or treat the consequences of diabetes, including heart disease, eye, nerve, kidney.
- High level of public health through healthy food choices and exercise activity athlete.
- Meet the food requirements for each patient.
Tips for diabetic foot care
.. Interested in your feet to prevent amputated), reflecting the size of the suffering and danger faced by diabetes if they misrepresent care with their feet and intended to "foot diabetes," is the emergence of some symptoms or signs (including pain, wounds or sores or gangrene) in the person with diabetes as a result of neuropathy or failure session blood in the foot or because of bacterial infections of the foot.
1. Regulate the level of sugar.
2. Examine your feet every day to find out or dry skin wounds or scratches, use a mirror to check the bottom of the foot and between the fingers.
3. Wash the feet daily basis with good drying them especially between the toes and avoid very hot water or very cold.
4. If you feel cold at night, your feet can wear socks and do not use electric blanket for that or near the hot water.
5. Do not walk on hot surfaces such as sand in the summer.
6. Do not walk barefoot at all.
7. Do not use chemicals to remove the dry skin (Alcalo).
8. Do not use tape at all.
9. Shoes inspected daily for foreign objects or acute.
10. In the case of low vision Use one of the members of your family in the examination of your feet.
11. Do not put your feet in the water for long periods. (Soaking).
12. Owners use the paint dry skin moisturizing to the skin, but avoid the paint between the fingers, after washing and drying.
13. Do not wear tight socks or pressure at all, and are changed daily.
14. When you buy shoes ensure their suitability for your feet and be comfortable and be made of natural leather and always buy your shoes in the afternoon where the size of your feet is greater than the morning, you can wear sports shoes after consulting your doctor.
15. Not wearing shoes without socks at all.
16. Do not wear sandals, which was part comes between the fingers.
17. In winter, prefers to wear socks made of wool.
18. Registry nail your feet in the form of a straight line.
19. Does not eliminate the dry areas of the skin of the feet only after consulting your doctor or pharmacist.
20. Do not sit back and legs crossed because that would cause pressure on the nerves of the legs.
21. When you visit the doctor ask him to examine your feet and told him of any changes that have occurred on your feet for blisters or cuts or cracks and remove the corn, if any.
22. Stop smoking immediately.
Simple definition of the disease:
Diabetes is a disease common in the world, and living with an estimated 120 million people and is expected to climb to 220 million people infected by the year 2020 AD.
And diabetes is a metabolic disease (metabolic) is characterized by a chronic increase in the level of blood sugar Hyperglycemia as a result of relative or complete lack of insulin in the blood or to an imbalance in the impact of insulin on the tissue, resulting in chronic complications in different members of the body.
The definition of insulin:
Insulin is a hormone secreted by beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and consists of chains of amino acids linked bonds chemical after it separated from a series of C to become effective and passing through the liver, where it destroyed 50% of the insulin sorted. And insulin is necessary for the body to be able to benefit and use of sugar and energy in food.
** Types of diabetes:
1 - Diabetes Type I; (Juvenile Diabetes) and characterized by destruction of beta cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin (loss of insulin completely in the blood) by auto-antibodies in the blood of the patient, and requires the person since the beginning of the insulin to live and is at risk of Bhmad blood
2 - Type II diabetes | characterized by the presence of insulin resistance by tissues do not respond to him.
Factors contributing to the emergence of this type:
• 85% of obesity cases.
• family history of diabetes in first degree relatives of 74-100% of cases.
• More females than males.
• the age of puberty.
3 - diabetes during pregnancy
4 - Failed to carry glucose (sugar).
** * Diagnosis of diabetes:
Are diagnosed with diabetes (generally) the existence of one of the following indicators in different days:
• The presence of symptoms of diabetes (such as excessive thirst and urination and drinking water) with the level of sugar in the blood at any time (Random Blood Sugar)
• the level of fasting blood sugar (at least 8 hours without food
• The level of sugar in the blood after two hours to check glucose tolerance test 200
* Fact-diabetes:
Persons who should be screened periodically to finding (diagnosis) diabetes and if they do not complain of the symptoms are:
1 - persons over the age of 45 years and if re-analysis of naturally every 3 years.
2 - Persons younger quail (obese patients).
3 - people who have first-degree relatives have diabetes.
4 - Women who gave birth to babies weighing more than 4 kg.
5 - Persons with high blood pressure and high blood lipids.
* Analysis needs to be done periodically every 6 months or more or less depending on the situation:
• glycated hemoglobin
• Fat Triglycerides, and Cholesterol in the blood.
• Fat Triglycerides, and Cholesterol in the blood.
• kidney function, creatinine level
• cultivation of Paul.
• Urine analysis to look for micro-albumin
• Drawing (Planning) ECG of the heart, especially for the elderly or the presence of symptoms of the disease of the heart.
• thyroid function
• Check the bottom of the eye Fundoscopy.
• Check the feet and checking their blood circulation and peripheral neuropathy.
* Treatment of diabetes:
• You must educate the patient at diagnosis and give an idea of the disease and nature, by the doctor, that chronic and needs treatment and care for life and there is currently no Cfou complete it.
• nutrition education for the patient and to convert the patient to a dietician.
• The use of brochures and publications available to educate the patient and his relatives.
• Insulin Insulin, Type I patients need insulin since the beginning, and type II often need insulin after a period of diabetes.
• grain of anti-diabetes (sugar Reducers) Oral Hypoglycemics:
Grain used for the treatment of diabetes type II, and can be used with insulin to achieve a better control of blood sugar level, and is way different types of work.
* Symptoms of hypoglycemia:
• sweating (sweating.
• Parkinson's
• speed up the heart rate.
• a sense of tension and anxiety.
• feeling hungry.
• dizziness (vertigo, time).
• headache.
• lack of clarity of vision (deceiving the eye.
• Lack of comprehension and confusion.
• convulsions (seizure).
• loss of consciousness and fall.
* Complications of diabetes:
• retinal Diabetes Diabetic Retinopathy.
• Diabetic Nephropathy Diabetic Nephropathy.
• peripheral neuropathy Peripheral Neuropathy.
• Congenital autonomic nervous system Autonomic Neuropathy.
• Hardening of the arteries and heart disease Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.
• peripheral circulatory disorder Peripheral vascular disease.
• cerebral circulatory disorder Cerebrovascular Disease.
• high blood pressure Hypertension.
• high fat and cholesterol in the blood Dyslipidemias.
• impotence in men Impotence.
• psychological impact and social impact of diabetes on a patient Psychosocial Dysfunction.
* The objective of a "medical food treatment" therapeutic feeding for sick sugar:
- Maintain the level of glucose in the blood.
- Improving the levels of lipids in the blood.
- The lowering of blood pressure.
- Prevent or treat the consequences of diabetes, including heart disease, eye, nerve, kidney.
- High level of public health through healthy food choices and exercise activity athlete.
- Meet the food requirements for each patient.
Tips for diabetic foot care
.. Interested in your feet to prevent amputated), reflecting the size of the suffering and danger faced by diabetes if they misrepresent care with their feet and intended to "foot diabetes," is the emergence of some symptoms or signs (including pain, wounds or sores or gangrene) in the person with diabetes as a result of neuropathy or failure session blood in the foot or because of bacterial infections of the foot.
1. Regulate the level of sugar.
2. Examine your feet every day to find out or dry skin wounds or scratches, use a mirror to check the bottom of the foot and between the fingers.
3. Wash the feet daily basis with good drying them especially between the toes and avoid very hot water or very cold.
4. If you feel cold at night, your feet can wear socks and do not use electric blanket for that or near the hot water.
5. Do not walk on hot surfaces such as sand in the summer.
6. Do not walk barefoot at all.
7. Do not use chemicals to remove the dry skin (Alcalo).
8. Do not use tape at all.
9. Shoes inspected daily for foreign objects or acute.
10. In the case of low vision Use one of the members of your family in the examination of your feet.
11. Do not put your feet in the water for long periods. (Soaking).
12. Owners use the paint dry skin moisturizing to the skin, but avoid the paint between the fingers, after washing and drying.
13. Do not wear tight socks or pressure at all, and are changed daily.
14. When you buy shoes ensure their suitability for your feet and be comfortable and be made of natural leather and always buy your shoes in the afternoon where the size of your feet is greater than the morning, you can wear sports shoes after consulting your doctor.
15. Not wearing shoes without socks at all.
16. Do not wear sandals, which was part comes between the fingers.
17. In winter, prefers to wear socks made of wool.
18. Registry nail your feet in the form of a straight line.
19. Does not eliminate the dry areas of the skin of the feet only after consulting your doctor or pharmacist.
20. Do not sit back and legs crossed because that would cause pressure on the nerves of the legs.
21. When you visit the doctor ask him to examine your feet and told him of any changes that have occurred on your feet for blisters or cuts or cracks and remove the corn, if any.
22. Stop smoking immediately.
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تاريخ التسجيل : 09/09/2012 -
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